Lysias, Speech 12, Against Eratosthenes, 51-100

[51] ἀλλ' οὗτος τὴν μὲν πόλιν ἐχθρὰν ἐνόμιζεν εἶναι, τοὺς δ' ὑμετέρους ἐχθροὺς φίλους, ὡς ἀμφότερα ταῦτα ἐγὼ πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις παραστήσω, καὶ τὰς πρὸς ἀλλήλους διαφορὰς οὐχ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν γιγνομένας, ὁπότεροι τὰ πράγματα πράξουσι καὶ τῆς πόλεως ἄρξουσιν.

[52] εἰ γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδικουμένων ἐστασίαζον, ποῦ κάλλιον ἦν ἀνδρὶ ἄρχοντι, ἢ Θρασυβούλου Φυλὴν κατειληφότος, τότε ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν αὑτοῦ εὔνοιαν; ὁ δ' ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐπαγγείλασθαί τι ἢ πρᾶξαι ἀγαθὸν πρὸς τοὺς ἐπὶ Φυλῇ, ἐλθὼν μετὰ τῶν συναρχόντων εἰς Σαλαμῖνα καὶ Ἐλευσῖνάδε τριακοσίους τῶν πολιτῶν ἀπήγαγεν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον, καὶ μιᾷ ψήφῳ αὐτῶν ἁπάντων θάνατον κατεψηφίσατο.

[53] ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ ἤλθομεν καὶ αἱ ταραχαὶ γεγενημέναι ἦσαν καὶ περὶ τῶν διαλλαγῶν οἱ λόγοι ἐγίγνοντο, πολλὰς ἑκάτεροι ἐλπίδας εἴχομεν πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔσεσθαι, ὡς ἀμφότεροι ἔδειξαν. οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐκ Πειραιῶς κρείττους ὄντες εἴασαν

[54] αὐτοὺς ἀπελθεῖν: οἱ δὲ εἰς τὸ ἄστυ ἐλθόντες τοὺς μὲν τριάκοντα ἐξέβαλον πλὴν Φείδωνος καὶ Ἐρατοσθένους, ἄρχοντας δὲ τοὺς ἐκείνοις ἐχθίστους εἵλοντο, ἡγούμενοι δικαίως ἂν ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν τούς τε τριάκοντα μισεῖσθαι καὶ τοὺς ἐν Πειραιεῖ φιλεῖσθαι.

[55] τούτων τοίνυν Φείδων [ὁ τῶν τριάκοντα] γενόμενος καὶ Ἱπποκλῆς καὶ Ἐπιχάρης ὁ Λαμπτρεὺς καὶ ἕτεροι οἱ δοκοῦντες εἶναι ἐναντιώτατοι Χαρικλεῖ καὶ Κριτίᾳ καὶ τῇ ἐκείνων ἑταιρεία, ἐπειδή αὐτοὶ εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν κατέστησαν, πολὺ μείζω στάσιν καὶ πόλεμον ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐν Πειραιεῖ [ἢ] τοῖς ἐξ ἄστεως ἐποίησαν.

[56] ᾧ καὶ φανερῶς ἐπεδείξαντο ὅτι οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐν Πειραιεῖ οὐδ' ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδίκως ἀπολλυμένων ἐστασίαζον, οὐδ' οἱ τεθνεῶτες αὐτοὺς ἐλύπουν οὐδ' οἱ μέλλοντες ἀποθανεῖσθαι, ἀλλ' οἱ μεῖζον δυνάμενοι καὶ θᾶττον πλουτοῦντες.

[57] λαβόντες γὰρ τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἀμφοτέροις ἐπολέμουν, τοῖς τε τριάκοντα πάντα κακὰ εἰργασμένοις καὶ ὑμῖν πάντα κακὰ πεπονθόσι. καίτοι τοῦτο πᾶσι δῆλον ἦν, ὅτι εἰ μὲν ἐκεῖνοι δικαίως ἔφευγον, ὑμεῖς ἀδίκως, εἰ δ' ὑμεῖς δικαίως, οἱ τριάκοντα ἀδίκως: οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἑτέρων ἔργων αἰτίαν λαβόντες ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐξέπεσον,

[58] ἀλλὰ τούτων. ὥστε σφόδρα χρὴ ὀργίζεσθαι, ὅτι Φείδων αἱρεθεὶς ὑμᾶς διαλλάξαι καὶ καταγαγεῖν τῶν αὐτῶν ἔργων Ἐρατοσθένει μετεῖχε καὶ τῇ αὐτῇ γνώμῃ τοὺς μὲν κρείττους αὑτῶν δι' ὑμᾶς κακῶς ποιεῖν ἕτοιμος ἦν, ὑμῖν δὲ ἀδίκως φεύγουσιν οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ἀποδοῦναι τὴν πόλιν, ἀλλ' ἐλθὼν εἰς Λακεδαίμονα ἔπειθεν αὐτοὺς στρατεύεσθαι, διαβάλλων ὅτι Βοιωτῶν ἡ πόλις ἔσται, καὶ ἄλλα λέγων οἷ ᾤετο πείσειν μάλιστα.

[59] οὐ δυνάμενος δὲ τούτων τυχεῖν, εἴτε καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν ἐμποδὼν ὄντων εἴτε καὶ αὐτῶν οὐ βουλομένων, ἑκατὸν τάλαντα ἐδανείσατο, ἵνα ἔχοι ἐπικούρους μισθοῦσθαι, καὶ Λύσανδρον ἄρχοντα ᾐτήσατο, εὐνούστατον μὲν ὄντα τῇ ὀλιγαρχίᾳ, κακονούστατον δὲ τῇ πόλει, μισοῦντα δὲ μάλιστα τοὺς ἐν Πειραιεῖ.

[60] μισθωσάμενοι δὲ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐπ' ὀλέθρῳ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ πόλεις ἐπάγοντες, καὶ τελευτῶντες Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ τῶν συμμάχων ὁπόσους ἐδύναντο πεῖσαι, οὐ διαλλάξαι ἀλλ' ἀπολέσαι παρεσκευάζοντο τὴν πόλιν εἰ μὴ δι' ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς, οἷς ὑμεῖς δηλώσατε παρὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν δίκην λαβόντες, ὅτι καὶ ἐκείνοις χάριν ἀποδώσετε.

[61] ταῦτα δὲ ἐπίστασθε μὲν καὶ αὐτοί, καὶ οὐκ οἶδ' ὅ τι δεῖ μάρτυρας παρασχέσθαι: ὅμως δέ: ἐγώ τε γὰρ δέομαι ἀναπαύσασθαι, ὑμῶν τ' ἐνίοις ἥδιον ὡς πλείστων τοὺς αὐτοὺς λόγους ἀκούειν. Μάρτυρες

[62] φέρε δὴ καὶ περὶ Θηραμένους ὡς ἂν δύνωμαι διὰ βραχυτάτων διδάξω.
Come now, I will also tell/instruct (you) about Theramenes, as well as I can, briefly.

δέομαι δ' ὑμῶν ἀκοῦσαι ὑπέρ τ' ἐμαυτοῦ καὶ τῆς πόλεως,
I ask you to listen both for my sake and for the city,

καὶ μηδενὶ τοῦτο παραστῇ,
and let no one suggest that,

ὡς Ἐρατοσθένους κινδυνεύοντος Θηραμένους κατηγορῶ.
although E. is on trial, I am indicting Th..

πυνθάνομαι γὰρ ταῦτα ἀπολογήσεσθαι αὐτόν, ὅτι ἐκείνῳ φίλος ἦν καὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἔργων μετεῖχε.
For I understand that he (E.) will make the defense that he was a friend of Th. and participated in his good deeds.

[63] καίτοι σφόδρ' ἂν αὐτὸν οἶμαι μετὰ Θεμιστοκλέους πολιτευόμενον προσποιεῖσθαι πράττειν ὅπως οἰκοδομηθήσεται τὰ τείχη,

ὁπότε καὶ μετὰ Θηραμένους ὅπως καθαιρεθήσεται.

οὐ γάρ μοι δοκοῦσιν ἴσου ἄξιοι γεγενῆσθαι:
For they don't seem to me to be of comparable worth:

ὁ μὲν γὰρ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀκόντων ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτά,
For one built these (walls) over the objections of the Lakedaimonians,

οὗτος δὲ τοὺς πολίτας ἐξαπατήσας καθεῖλε.
but this one, by deceiving the citizens, tore them down.

[64] περιέστηκεν οὖν τῇ πόλει τοὐναντίον ἢ ὡς εἰκὸς ἦν.
Thus the opposite of what might have expected has come about for the city.

ἄξιον μὲν γὰρ ἦν καὶ τοὺς φίλους τοὺς Θηραμένους προσαπολωλέναι,
For it would have been fitting (if) also the friends of Th. had been destroyed with him,

πλὴν εἴ τις ἐτύγχανεν ἐκείνῳ τἀναντία πράττων:
unless some one happened to have acted in opposition to him:

νῦν δὲ ὁρῶ τάς τε ἀπολογίας εἰς ἐκεῖνον ἀναφερομένας,
But now I see both the apologias throwing back to him,

τούς τ' ἐκείνῳ συνόντας τιμᾶσθαι πειρωμένους,
and his partisans attempting to honor him,

ὥσπερ πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν αἰτίου ἀλλ' οὐ μεγάλων κακῶν γεγενημένου.
as if he was responsible for many good things, but not great evils, coming about.

[65] ὃς πρῶτον μὲν τῆς προτέρας ὀλιγαρχίας αἰτιώτατος ἐγένετο,
He who first of all, was most responsible for the earlier oligarchy coming about,

πείσας ὑμᾶς τὴν ἐπὶ τῶν τετρακοσίων πολιτείαν ἑλέσθαι.
urging you to elect the government of the 400.

καὶ ὁ μὲν πατὴρ αὐτοῦ τῶν προβούλων ὢν ταὔτ' ἔπραττεν,
And his father, one of the commissioners, worked for these (goals),

αὐτὸς δὲ δοκῶν εὐνούστατος εἶναι τοῖς πράγμασι στρατηγὸς ὑπ' αὐτῶν ᾑρέθη.
while he, seeming to be most favorably disposed towards this goverment [pl.], was selected general by them.

[66] καὶ ἕως μὲν ἐτιμᾶτο, πιστὸν ἑαυτὸν [τῇ πόλει] παρεῖχεν:
And as long as he was honored, he remained loyal to the city:

ἐπειδὴ δὲ Πείσανδρον μὲν καὶ Κάλλαισχρον καὶ ἑτέρους ἑώρα προτέρους αὑτοῦ γιγνομένους,
but when he saw Peisandros and Kallaischros and others becoming more pre-eminent than him,

τὸ δὲ ὑμέτερον πλῆθος οὐκέτι βουλόμενον τούτων ἀκροᾶσθαι,
and the mass of the people no long willing to obey/listen to them,

τότ' ἤδη
then & only then (not till then)

διά τε τὸν πρὸς ἐκείνους φθόνον
both because of his jealousy against them

καὶ τὸ παρ' ὑμῶν δέος
the fear of you

μετέσχε τῶν Ἀριστοκράτους ἔργων.
(that) he shared in the acts of Aristocrates.

[67] βουλόμενος δὲ τῷ ὑμετέρῳ πλήθει δοκεῖν πιστὸς εἶναι Ἀντιφῶντα καὶ Ἀρχεπτόλεμον φιλτάτους ὄντας αὑτῷ κατηγορῶν ἀπέκτεινεν, εἰς τοσοῦτον δὲ κακίας ἦλθεν,

ὥστε ἅμα μὲν διὰ τὴν πρὸς ἐκείνους πίστιν ὑμᾶς κατεδουλώσατο,
so that for the sake of their trust, he enslaved you,

διὰ δὲ τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς τοὺς φίλους ἀπώλεσε.
while, for the sake of yours, he did away with his friends.

[68] τιμώμενος δὲ καὶ τῶν μεγίστων ἀξιούμενος,
Honored and esteemed by the highest offices,

αὐτὸς ἐπαγγειλάμενος σώσειν τὴν πόλιν αὐτὸς ἀπώλεσε,
himself proclaiming to save the city, himself destroyed it,

φάσκων πρᾶγμα ηὑρηκέναι μέγα καὶ πολλοῦ ἄξιον.
claiming to have found very greatly fitting expedient (πρᾶγμα).

ὑπέσχετο δὲ εἰρήνην ποιήσειν μήτε ὅμηρα δοὺς μήτε τὰ τείχη καθελὼν μήτε τὰς ναῦς παραδούς:
And alleging to make peace, without giving hostages, nor taking down the walls, nor surrendering the fleet:

ταῦτα δὲ εἰπεῖν μὲν οὐδενὶ ἠθέλησεν,
but of these (plans) he was not willing to tell one thing,

ἐκέλευσε δὲ αὑτῷ πιστεύειν.
he persuaded (you) to trust him.

[69] ὑμεῖς δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι,
And you, O Athenians,

πραττούσης μὲν τῆς ἐν Ἀρείπάγῳ βουλῆς σωτήρια,
while the Council of the Areopagus was working for (your) safety,

ἀντιλεγόντων δὲ πολλῶν Θηραμένει,
and many speaking in opposition to Theramenes,

εἰδότες δὲ ὅτι οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι ἄνθρωποι τῶν πολεμίων ἕνεκα τἀπόρρητα ποιοῦνται,
knowing that many men on account of the enemy, keep secrets,

ἐκεῖνος δ' ἐν τοῖς αὑτοῦ πολίταις οὐκ ἠθέλησεν εἰπεῖν ταῦθ' ἃ πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους ἔμελλεν ἐρεῖν,
and he (Th.), among the citizens at that time, was not willing to tell that which he was about to say to the enemy,

ὅμως ἐπετρέψατε αὐτῷπατρίδα καὶ παῖδας καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ ὑμᾶς αὐτούς.
nevertheless you entrusted your own country and children and women and you yourselves (to him).

ὁ δὲ ὧν μὲν ὑπέσχετο οὐδὲν ἔπραξεν,
And he did nothing that he had promised,


[70] οὕτως δὲ ἐνετεθύμητο ὡς χρὴ μικρὰν καὶ ἀσθενῆ γενέσθαι τὴν πόλιν,
and thus he was so firmly convinced that the city should be made small and weak,

ὥστε περὶ ὧν οὐδεὶς πώποτε / οὔτε τῶν πολεμίων ἐμνήσθη / οὔτε τῶν πολιτῶν ἤλπισε,
so that concerning (things) which no one at no time / neither mentioned by the enemy / nor hoped for by the citizens,

ταῦθ' ὑμᾶς ἔπεισε πρᾶξαι,
these he urged you to do,

οὐχ ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀναγκαζόμενος,
not being compelled by the Lacedaimonians,

ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ἐκείνοις ἐπαγγελλόμενος,
but rather he himself promised them,

τοῦ τε Πειραιῶς τὰ τείχη περιελεῖν καὶ τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν πολιτείαν καταλῦσαι,
both to tear down the Peiraeus walls and the dissolution of the established government,

εὖ εἰδὼς ὅτι,
knowing very well that,

εἰ μὴ πασῶν τῶν ἐλπίδων ἀποστερηθήσεσθε,
unless you were deprived of all hopes,

ταχεῖαν παρ' αὐτοῦ τὴν τιμωρίαν κομιεῖσθε.
you would quickly retaliate against him.

[71] καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, οὐ πρότερον εἴασε τὴν ἐκκλησίαν γενέσθαι,
And finally, O gentlemen of the jury, he did not permit the assembly to convene,

ἕως ὁ λεγόμενος ὑπ' ἐκείνων καιρὸς ἐπιμελῶς ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἐτηρήθη,
until the right moment mentioned by the enemy had been carefully watched for by him (?),

καὶ μετεπέμψατο μὲν τὰς μετὰ Λυσάνδρου ναῦς ἐκ Σάμου,
and he sent for Lysander's ships from Samos,

ἐπεδήμησε δὲ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων στρατόπεδον.
and the army of the enemy had entered the city.

[72] τότε δὲ τούτων ὑπαρχόντων,
And when these things were arranged,

καὶ παρόντος Λυσάνδρου καὶ Φιλοχάρους καὶ Μιλτιάδου,
and Lysander and Philocharous and Militiades,

περὶ τῆς πολιτείας τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἐποίουν, ἵνα μήτε ῥήτωρ αὐτοῖς μηδεὶς ἐναντιοῖτο μηδὲ διαπειλοῖτο ὑμεῖς τε μὴ τὰ τῆ πόλει συμφέροντα ἕλοισθε, ἀλλὰ τἀκείνοις δοκοῦντα ψηφίσαισθε.

[73] ἀναστὰς δὲ Θηραμένης ἐκέλευσεν ὑμᾶς τριάκοντα ἀνδράσιν ἐπιτρέψαι τὴν πόλιν καὶ τῇ πολιτεία χρῆσθαι ἣν Δρακοντίδης ἀπέφαινεν.

ὑμεῖς δ' ὅμως καὶ οὕτω διακείμενοι ἐθορυβεῖτε ὡς οὐ ποιήσοντες ταῦτα: ἐγιγνώσκετε γὰρ ὅτι περὶ δουλείας καὶ ἐλευθερίας ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρα ἠκκλησιάζετε.

[74] θηραμένης δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ̔καὶ τούτων ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς μάρτυρας παρέξομαἰ εἶπεν ὅτι οὐδὲν αὐτῷ μέλοι τοῦ ὑμετέρου θορύβου, ἐπειδὴ πολλοὺς μὲν Ἀθηναίων εἰδείη τοὺς τὰ ὅμοια πράττοντας αὑτῷ, δοκοῦντα δὲ Λυσάνδρῳ καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις λέγοι.

μετ' ἐκεῖνον δὲ Λύσανδρος ἀναστὰς ἄλλα τε πολλὰ εἶπε καὶ ὅτι παρασπόνδους ὑμᾶς ἔχοι, καὶ ὅτι οὐ περὶ πολιτείας ὑμῖν ἔσται ἀλλὰ περὶ σωτηρίας, εἰ μὴ ποιήσεθ' ἃ Θηραμένης κελεύει.

[75] τῶν δ' ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησία ὅσοι ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ ἦσαν, γνόντες τὴν παρασκευὴν καὶ τὴν ἀνάγκην, οἱ μὲν αὐτοῦ μένοντες ἡσυχίαν ἦγον, οἱ δὲ ᾤχοντο ἀπιόντες, τοῦτο γοῦν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς συνειδότες, ὅτι οὐδὲν κακὸν τῇ πόλει ἐψηφίσαντο: ὀλίγοι δέ τινες καὶ πονηροὶ καὶ κακῶς βουλευόμενοι τὰ προσταχθέντα ἐχειροτόνησαν.

[76] παρήγγελτο γὰρ αὐτοῖς δέκα μὲν οὓς Θηραμένης ἀπέδειξε χειροτονῆσαι, δέκα δὲ οὓς οἱ καθεστηκότες ἔφοροι κελεύοιεν, δέκα δ' ἐκ τῶν παρόντων: οὕτω γὰρ τὴν ὑμετέραν ἀσθένειαν ἑώρων καὶ τὴν αὑτῶν δύναμιν ἠπίσταντο, ὥστε πρότερον ᾔδεσαν τὰ μέλλοντα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησία πραχθήσεσθαι.

[77] ταῦτα δὲ οὐκ ἐμοὶ δεῖ πιστεῦσαι, ἀλλὰ ἐκείνῳ:

πάντα γὰρ τὰ ὑπ' ἐμοῦ εἰρημένα ἐν τῇ βουλῇ ἀπολογούμενος ἔλεγεν,
... he was saying,

ὀνειδίζων μὲν τοῖς φεύγουσιν,
when reproached the exiles (oligarchs)

ὅτι δι' αὑτὸν κατέλθοιεν, οὐδὲν φροντιζόντων Λακεδαιμονίων,
that through him (his efforts) they had returned, since the Lac. cared nothing (about this),

ὀνειδίζων δὲ τοῖς τῆς πολιτείας μετέχουσιν,
and when reproached those sharing in the gov't,

ὅτι πάντων τῶν πεπραγμένων τοῖς εἰρημένοις τρόποις ὑπ' ἐμοῦ αὐτὸς αἴτιος γεγενημένος τοιούτων τυγχάνοι,
that all the happenings, in the ways I mentioned, he himself was responsible for such a return taking place,

πολλὰς πίστεις αὐτοῖς ἔργῳ / δεδωκὼς / καὶ παρ' ἐκείνων ὅρκους / εἰληφώς.
(he who had) given great assurance to them by his deed(s), and taken (many) oaths from them.

[78] καὶ τοσούτων καὶ ἑτέρων κακῶν καὶ αἰσχρῶν καὶ πάλαι καὶ νεωστὶ καὶ μικρῶν καὶ μεγάλων αἰτίου γεγενημένου [concessive?]
And [despite him?] being responsible for such and so many evil and base acts, both recently and before, both large and small,

τολμήσουσιν αὑτοὺς φίλους ὄντας ἀποφαίνειν,
they (E's supporters/Th's friends), will dare to declare themselves his friends,

οὐχ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἀποθανόντος Θηραμένους
not on your account Th. was put to death

ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τῆς αὑτοῦ πονηρίας,
but rather for his wickedness,

καὶ δικαίως μὲν ἐν ὀλιγαρχίᾳ δίκην δόντος / ̔ἤδη γὰρ αὐτὴν κατέλυσἐ,
and justly, under the oligarchy (the 400) he was punished / for he had already ruined it (the 400)

δικαίως δ' ἂν ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ:
and justly might (he have been punished) under the democracy:

δὶς γὰρ ὑμᾶς κατεδουλώσατο,
for twice he enslaved you,

τῶν μὲν παρόντων καταφρονῶν, τῶν δὲ ἀπόντων ἐπιθυμῶν,
the present things scorning, the missing things desiring,
(i.e. the restless ambition of Th.)

καὶ τῷ καλλίστῳ ὀνόματι χρώμενος δεινοτάτων ἔργων διδάσκαλος καταστάς.
and calling (them) by beautiful names, establishing (himself) as master of most terrible acts.

[79] περὶ μὲν τοίνυν Θηραμένους ἱκανά μοί ἐστι τὰ κατηγορημένα:

ἥκει δ' ὑμῖν ἐκεῖνος ὁ καιρός,

ἐν ᾧ δεῖ συγγνώμην καὶ ἔλεον μὴ εἶναι ἐν ταῖς ὑμετέραις γνώμαις,
in which forgiveness and pity must not be in your judgements,

ἀλλὰ παρὰ Ἐρατοσθένους καὶ τῶν τούτου συναρχόντων δίκην λαβεῖν,
but (in which) E. and his associates (must) get justice,

μηδὲ μαχομένους μὲν κρείττους εἶναι τῶν πολεμίων,
nor when fighting to be stronger than the (city's) enemies,

ψηφιζομένους δὲ ἥττους τῶν ἐχθρῶν.
(only) when voting, to be weaker than (your internal) foes.

[80] μηδ' ὧν φασι μέλλειν πράξειν πλείω χάριν αὐτοῖς ἴστε,
Nor for which they say they will do to be more grateful to them,

ἢ ὧν ἐποίησαν ὀργίζεσθε:
than you are angry at what they have done:

μηδ' ἀποῦσι μὲν τοῖς τριάκοντα ἐπιβουλεύετε,
Nor (while) you take measures against those of the Thirty who have gone away,

παρόντας δ' ἀφῆτε:
should you let go those who are here:

μηδὲ τῆς τύχης, ἣ τούτους παρέδωκε τῇ πόλει, κάκιον ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς βοηθήσητε.
Nor than fortune, which has delivered these to the city, should you be less, in rescuing yourselves.

[81] κατηγόρηται δὴ Ἐρατοσθένους καὶ τῶν τούτου φίλων,
Thus I have charged E. and his friends,

οἷς τὰς ἀπολογίας ἀνοίσει καὶ μεθ' ὧν αὐτῷ ταῦτα πέπρακται.
whom he will rely on in his defense and with whom he committed these crimes.

ὁ μέντοι ἀγὼν οὐκ ἐξ ἴσου τῇ πόλει καὶ Ἐρατοσθένει:
The contest between the city and E is not equal:

οὗτος μὲν γὰρ κατήγορος καὶ δικαστὴς αὑτὸς ἦν τῶν κρινομένων,
For he himself was accuser and judge in the trials,

ἡμεῖς δὲ νυνὶ εἰς κατηγορίαν καὶ ἀπολογίαν καθέσταμεν.
while now we have set up accusation and defense.

[82] καὶ οὗτοι μὲν τοὺς οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντας ἀκρίτους ἀπέκτειναν,
And they killed those (having done nothing wrong) without trial,

ὑμεῖς δὲ τοὺς ἀπολέσαντας τὴν πόλιν κατὰ τὸν νόμον ἀξιοῦτε κρίνειν,
while you think it fit to try those ruining the city according to law,

παρ' ὧν οὐδ' ἂν παρανόμως βουλόμενοι δίκην λαμβάνειν ἀξίαν τῶν ἀδικημάτων ὧν τὴν πόλιν ἠδικήκασι λάβοιτε.
from whom not even if illegally wishing to punish would fit the wrongs which they punished the city.

τί γὰρ ἂν παθόντες δίκην τὴν ἀξίαν εἴησαν τῶν ἔργων δεδωκότες;
For what justice suffering would be fitting their evil deeds?

[83] πότερον εἰ αὐτοὺς ἀποκτείναιτε καὶ τοὺς παῖδας αὐτῶν,
Whether you execute them even their children,

ἱκανὴν ἂν / τοῦ φόνου / δίκην λάβοιμεν,
adequate might / for the blood / we take justice,

ὧν οὗτοι πατέρας καὶ ὑεῖς καὶ ἀδελφοὺς ἀκρίτους ἀπέκτειναν;
whose fathers, sons, and brothers, they killed without trial?

ἀλλὰ εἰ τὰ χρήματα τὰ φανερὰ δημεύσαιτε,
And if their portable property you were to confiscate,

καλῶς ἂν ἔχοι ἢ τῇ πόλει, ἧς οὗτοι πολλὰ εἰλήφασιν, ἢ τοῖς ἰδιώταις,
would be good enough, either for the city, from which they had taken so much, or for the private citizens,

[84] ὧν τὰς οἰκίας ἐξεπόρθησαν;
whose homes they pillaged?

ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν πάντα ποιοῦντες / δίκην παρ' αὐτῶν τὴν ἀξίαν / οὐκ ἂν δύναισθε λαβεῖν,
Therefore, since, (if) you did all these things, you would not be able to take fitting justice from them,

πῶς οὐκ αἰσχρὸν ὑμῖν καὶ ἡντινοῦν ἀπολιπεῖν,
how is it not shameful for you even to omit anything whatsoever (in the way of punishment?),

ἥντινά τις βούλοιτο παρὰ τούτων λαμβάνειν;
whatever (vengeance) anyone might want to take from them?

πᾶν δ' ἄν μοι δοκεῖ τολμῆσαι,
But it seems to me he might venture everything,

ὅστις νυνὶ οὐχ ἑτέρων ὄντων τῶν δικαστῶν ἀλλ' αὐτῶν τῶν κακῶς πεπονθότων,
who now, not others being the judges, but those who suffered cruelly by them,

ἥκει ἀπολογησόμενος πρὸς αὐτοὺς τοὺς μάρτυρας τῆς τούτου πονηρίας:
coming (here) making his defense before those very witness of his wickedness?

τοσοῦτον ἢ ὑμῶν καταπεφρόνηκεν ἢ ἑτέροις πεπίστευκεν.
By such, he has conceived contempt for you or has placed his faith in others.

[85] ὧν ἀμφοτέρων ἄξιον ἐπιμεληθῆναι,
of both you ought to consider carefully,

ἐνθυμουμένους ὅτι οὔτ' ἂν ἐκεῖνα ἐδύναντο ποιεῖν μὴ ἑτέρων συμπραττόντων
considering that not they were able to do those crimes unless others helped

οὔτ' ἂν νῦν ἐπεχείρησαν ἐλθεῖν μὴ ὑπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν οἰόμενοι σωθήσεσθαι,
that not now do they attempt to come (before the court) unless by these same they think to be saved,

οἳ οὐ τούτοις ἥκουσι βοηθήσοντες,
who have not come here to support them,

ἀλλὰ ἡγούμενοι πολλὴν ἄδειαν σφίσιν ἔσεσθαι τῶν τε πεπραγμένων
but considering the great/general immunity for what they have done

καὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ ποιεῖν ὅ τι ἂν βούλωνται,
and whatever they might want to do in the future,

εἰ τοὺς μεγίστων κακῶν αἰτίους λαβόντες ἀφήσετε.
if (now) having those resp. for the greatest evils, you let them go.

[86] ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν συνερούντων αὐτοῖς ἄξιον θαυμάζειν,
But also you ought to wonder at those speaking on behalf of them,

πότερον ὡς καλοὶ κἀγαθοὶ αἰτήσονται,
whether as good and noble they will petition (you),

τὴν αὑτῶν ἀρετὴν πλείονος ἀξίαν ἀποφαίνοντες
making out their own virtue to be worth a lot (more?)

τῆς τούτων πονηρίας:
than the wickedness of these men:

ἐβουλόμην μέντ' ἂν αὐτοὺς οὕτω προθύμους εἶναι σῴζειν τὴν πόλιν,
Nevertheless I would have wished those so zealously to have saved the city,

ὥσπερ οὗτοι ἀπολλύναι ἢ ὡς δεινοὶ λέγειν ἀπολογήσονται
as these for its ruin or as clever speakers make a defense

καὶ τὰ τούτων ἔργα πολλοῦ ἄξια ἀποφανοῦσιν.
and put forth that their acts were so worthy.

ἀλλ' οὐχ / ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν / οὐδεὶς αὐτῶν / οὐδὲ τὰ δίκαια / πώποτε ἐπεχείρησεν / εἰπεῖν.
But not / on your behalf / not one of them / not even what was just / has ever attempted / to speak.

[87] ἀλλὰ τοὺς μάρτυρας ἄξιον ἰδεῖν,
But it is worth to see the witnesses,

οἳ τούτοις μαρτυροῦντες αὑτῶν κατηγοροῦσι,
who, witnessing for these men, accuse themselves,

σφόδρα ἐπιλήσμονας καὶ εὐήθεις νομίζοντες ὑμᾶς εἶναι,
believing you to be especially forgetful and foolish,

εἰ διὰ μὲν / τοῦ ὑμετέρου πλήθους / ἀδεῶς ἡγοῦνται / τοὺς τριάκοντα / σώσειν,
if, thanks to the democracy, they think the Thirty will live fearlessly,

διὰ δὲ / Ἐρατοσθένην καὶ τοὺς συνάρχοντας αὐτοῦ δεινὸν ἦν καὶ τῶν τεθνεώτων ἐπ' ἐκφορὰν ἐλθεῖν.
while, because of E. and his confederates, it was dangerous even to conduct funerals for the dead men.

[88] καίτοι οὗτοι μὲν σωθέντες πάλιν ἂν δύναιντο τὴν πόλιν ἀπολέσαι:
And yet, if these men were saved, they might again be able to ruin the city:

ἐκεῖνοι δέ, οὓς οὗτοι ἀπώλεσαν, τελευτήσαντες τὸν βίον πέρας ἔχουσι τῆς παρὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν τιμωρίας.
while those men, who they destroyed, having brought their life to an end, have no chance to get satisfaction from their enemies.

οὐκ οὖν δεινὸν εἰ
Is it not monstrous

τῶν μὲν ἀδίκως τεθνεώτων οἱ φίλοι συναπώλλυντο,
that the friends of those killed died with them,

αὐτοῖς δὲ τοῖς τὴν πόλιν ἀπολέσασι δήπου ἐπ' ἐκφορὰν πολλοὶ ἥξουσιν,
while there will be many, I suppose, at the funeral of those who ruined the city,

ὁπότε βοηθεῖν τοσοῦτοι παρασκευάζονται;
since so many have prepared to help them?


[89] καὶ μὲν δὴ / πολλῷ ῥᾷον / ἡγοῦμαι εἶναι / ὑπὲρ ὧν ὑμεῖς ἐπάσχετε / ἀντειπεῖν,

ἢ ὑπὲρ ὧν οὗτοι πεποιήκασιν ἀπολογήσασθαι.

καίτοι λέγουσιν ὡς Ἐρατοσθένει / ἐλάχιστα τῶν τριάκοντα κακὰ εἴργασται,

καὶ διὰ τοῦτο / αὐτὸν ἀξιοῦσι σωθῆναι:

ὅτι δὲ τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων πλεῖστα εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐξημάρτηκεν,

[90] οὐκ οἴονται χρῆναι αὐτὸν ἀπολέσθαι;

ὑμεῖς δὲ δείξατε ἥντινα γνώμην ἔχετε περὶ τῶν πραγμάτων.

εἰ μὲν γὰρ τούτου καταψηφιεῖσθε, δῆλοι ἔσεσθε ὡς ὀργιζόμενοι τοῖς πεπραγμένοις:

εἰ δὲ ἀποψηφιεῖσθε, ὀφθήσεσθε τῶν αὐτῶν ἔργων ἐπιθυμηταὶ τούτοις ὄντες,

καὶ οὐχ ἕξετε λέγειν ὅτι τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν τριάκοντα

[91] προσταχθέντα ἐποιεῖτε: νυνὶ μὲν γὰρ οὐδεὶς ὑμᾶς ἀναγκάζει παρὰ τὴν ὑμετέραν γνώμην ψηφίζεσθαι. ὥστε συμβουλεύω μὴ τούτων ἀποψηφισαμένους ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καταψηφίσασθαι. μηδ' οἴεσθε κρύβδην τὴν ψῆφον εἶναι φανερὰν γὰρ τῇ πόλει τὴν ὑμετέραν γνώμην ποιήσετε.

[92] βούλομαι δὲ ὀλίγα ἑκατέρους ἀναμνήσας καταβαίνειν, τούς τε ἐξ ἄστεως καὶ τοὺς ἐκ Πειραιῶς, ἵνα τὰς ὑμῖν τούτων γεγενημένας συμφορὰς παραδείγματα ἔχοντες τὴν ψῆφον φέρητε.

καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ὅσοι ἐξ ἄστεώς ἐστε, σκέψασθε ὅτι ὑπὸ τούτων οὕτω σφόδρα ἤρχεσθε, ὥστε ἀδελφοῖς καὶ ὑέσι καὶ πολίταις ἠναγκάζεσθε πολεμεῖν τοιοῦτον πόλεμον, ἐν ᾧ ἡττηθέντες μὲν τοῖς νικήσασι τὸ ἴσον ἔχετε, νικήσαντες δ' ἄν τούτοις ἐδουλεύετε.

[93] καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους οἴκους οὗτοι μὲν [ἂν] ἐκ τῶν πραγμάτων μεγάλους ἐκτήσαντο, ὑμεῖς δὲ διὰ τὸν πρὸς ἀλλήλους πόλεμον ἐλάττους ἔχετε: συνωφελεῖσθαι μὲν γὰρ ὑμᾶς οὐκ ἠξίουν, συνδιαβάλλεσθαι δ' ἠνάγκαζον, εἰς τοσοῦτον ὑπεροψίας ἐλθόντες ὥστε οὐ τῶν ἀγαθῶν κοινούμενοι πιστοὺς ὑμᾶς ἐκτῶντο, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὀνειδῶν μεταδιδόντες εὔνους ὤοντο εἶναι.

[94] ἀνθ' ὧν ὑμεῖς νῦν ἐν τῷ θαρραλέῳ ὄντες, καθ' ὅσον δύνασθε, καὶ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐκ Πειραιῶς τιμωρήσασθε, ἐνθυμηθέντες μὲν ὅτι ὑπὸ τούτων πονηροτάτων ὄντων ἤρχεσθε, ἐνθυμηθέντες δὲ ὅτι μετ' ἀνδρῶν νῦν ἀρίστων πολιτεύεσθε καὶ τοῖς πολεμίοις μάχεσθε καὶ περὶ τῆς πόλεως βουλεύεσθε, ἀναμνησθέντες δὲ τῶν ἐπικούρων, οὓς οὗτοι φύλακας τῆς σφετέρας ἀρχῆς καὶ τῆς ὑμετέρας δουλείας εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν κατέστησαν.

[95] καὶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς μὲν ἔτι πολλῶν ὄντων εἰπεῖν τοσαῦτα λέγω. ὅσοι δ' ἐκ Πειραιῶς ἐστε, πρῶτον μὲν τῶν ὅπλων ἀναμνήσθητε, ὅτι πολλὰς μάχας ἐν τῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ μαχεσάμενοι οὐχ ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τούτων εἰρήνης οὔσης ἀφῃρέθητε τὰ ὅπλα, ἔπειθ' ὅτι ἐξεκηρύχθητε μὲν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, ἣν ὑμῖν οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν, φεύγοντας δὲ ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῶν πόλεων ἐξῃτοῦντο.

[96] ἀνθ' ὧν ὀργίσθητε μὲν ὥσπερ ὅτ' ἐφεύγετε, ἀναμνήσθητε δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων κακῶν ἃ πεπόνθατε ὑπ' αὐτῶν, οἳ τοὺς μὲν ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς τοὺς δ' ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν συναρπάζοντες βιαίως ἀπέκτειναν, τοὺς δὲ ἀπὸ τέκνων καὶ γονέων καὶ γυναικῶν ἀφέλκοντες φονέας αὑτῶν ἠνάγκασαν γενέσθαι καὶ οὐδὲ ταφῆς τῆς νομιζομένης εἴασαν τυχεῖν, ἡγούμενοι τὴν αὑτῶν ἀρχὴν βεβαιοτέραν εἶναι τῆς παρὰ τῶν θεῶν τιμωρίας. ὅσοι δὲ τὸν θάνατον διέφυγον,

[97] πολλαχοῦ κινδυνεύσαντες καὶ εἰς πολλὰς πόλεις πλανηθέντες καὶ πανταχόθεν ἐκκηρυττόμενοι, ἐνδεεῖς ὄντες τῶν ἐπιτηδείων, οἱ μὲν ἐν πολεμίᾳ τῇ πατρίδι τοὺς παῖδας καταλιπόντες, οἱ δ' ἐν ξένῃ γῇ, πολλῶν ἐναντιουμένων ἤλθετε εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ.

πολλῶν δὲ καὶ μεγάλων κινδύνων ὑπαρξάντων ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ γενόμενοι τοὺς μὲν ἠλευθερώσατε, τοὺς δ' εἰς τὴν πατρίδα κατηγάγετε.

[98] εἰ δὲ ἐδυστυχήσατε καὶ τούτων ἡμάρτετε, αὐτοὶ μὲν ἂν δείσαντες ἐφεύγετε μὴ πάθητε τοιαῦτα οἷα καὶ πρότερον, καὶ οὔτ' ἂν ἱερὰ οὔτε βωμοὶ ὑμᾶς ἀδικουμένους διὰ τοὺς τούτων τρόπους ὠφέλησαν, ἃ καὶ τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι σωτήρια γίγνεται: οἱ δὲ παῖδες ὑμῶν, ὅσοι μὲν ἐνθάδε ἦσαν, ὑπὸ τούτων ἂν ὑβρίζοντο, οἱ δ' ἐπὶ ξένης μικρῶν ἂν ἕνεκα συμβολαίων ἐδούλευον ἐρημίᾳ τῶν ἐπικουρησόντων.

[99] ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐ τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι βούλομαι λέγειν, τὰ πραχθέντα ὑπὸ τούτων οὐ δυνάμενος εἰπεῖν. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἑνὸς κατηγόρου οὐδὲ δυοῖν ἔργον ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ πολλῶν.

ὅμως δὲ τῆς ἐμῆς προθυμίας οὐδὲν ἐλλέλειπται, ὑπέρ τε τῶν ἱερῶν, ἃ οὗτοι τὰ μὲν ἀπέδοντο τὰ δ' εἰσιόντες ἐμίαινον, ὑπέρ τε τῆς πόλεως, ἣν μικρὰν ἐποίουν, ὑπέρ τε τῶν νεωρίων, ἃ καθεῖλον, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν τεθνεώτων, οἷς ὑμεῖς, ἐπειδὴ ζῶσιν ἐπαμῦναι οὐκ ἐδύνασθε, ἀποθανοῦσι βοηθήσατε.

[100] οἶμαι δ' αὐτοὺς ἡμῶν τε ἀκροᾶσθαι καὶ ὑμᾶς εἴσεσθαι τὴν ψῆφον φέροντας, ἡγουμένους, ὅσοι μὲν ἂν τούτων ἀποψηφίσησθε, αὐτῶν θάνατον κατεψηφισμένους ἔσεσθαι, ὅσοι δ' ἂν παρὰ τούτων δίκην λάβωσιν, ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν τιμωρίας πεποιημένους.

παύσομαι κατηγορῶν. ἀκηκόατε, ἑωράκατε, πεπόνθατε, ἔχετε: δικάζετε.

Lysias, Speech 12, Against Eratosthenes, 1 - 50

κατὰ Ερατοσθένους τοῦ γενομένου τῶν τριάκοντα, ὃν αὐτὸς εἶπε Λυσίας
Against Eratosthenes, the events of The Thirty, which Lysias spoke himself

οὐκ ἄρξασθαί μοι δοκεῖ ἄπορον εἶναι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τῆς κατηγορίας, ἀλλὰ παύσασθαι λέγοντι:
It seems to me, O gentlemen of the jury, that it is not hard to start this prosecution, but that stopping speaking is:
λέγοντι - participle with verb of ceasing, in dative case from μοι

τοιαῦτα αὐτοῖς τὸ μέγεθος καὶ τοσαῦτα τὸ πλῆθος εἴργασται,
of such magnitude and such multitude (were their evil) deeds,

ὥστε μήτ' ἂν ψευδόμενον δεινότερα τῶν ὑπαρχόντων κατηγορῆσαι,
so that neither could one, by lying, accuse (them of things) more monstrous than the facts,

μήτε τἀληθῆ βουλόμενον εἰπεῖν ἅπαντα δύνασθαι,
nor, desiring the truth, could one tell all of it.

ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη ἢ τὸν κατήγορον ἀπειπεῖν ἢ τὸν χρόνον ἐπιλιπεῖν.
but it must bt that the accuser wears out or the time runs out.

[2] τοὐναντίον δέ μοι δοκοῦμεν πείσεσθαι ἢ ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ.
πρὸ τοῦ - before this
Our experience will be the opposite of what it has been in the past.

πρότερον μὲν γὰρ ἔδει τὴν ἔχθραν τοὺς κατηγοροῦντας ἐπιδεῖξαι,
For before it was necessary for the accusers to explain the personal enmity

ἥτις εἴη πρὸς τοὺς φεύγοντας:
which might exist toward the defendant:

νυνὶ δὲ παρὰ τῶν φευγόντων χρὴ πυνθάνεσθαι ἥτις ἦν αὐτοῖς πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἔχθρα,
but now (we) need to learn from the defendants just what was their enmity towards the city,

ἀνθ' ὅτου τοιαῦτα ἐτόλμησαν εἰς αὐτὴν ἐξαμαρτάνειν.
wherefore that they dared to commit such offences against her.

οὐ μέντοι ὡς οὐκ ἔχων οἰκείας ἔχθρας καὶ συμφορὰς τοὺς λόγους ποιοῦμαι,
I certainly do not make these claims as one who has no particular enmity nor mishap.

ἀλλ' ὡς ἅπασι [dat pl] πολλῆς ἀφθονίας οὔσης ὑπὲρ τῶν ἰδίων ἢ ὑπὲρ τῶν δημοσίων ὀργίζεσθαι.
But as by/for all of us a great abundance (of reasons) to be angry, both personal and public.

ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν, [3] ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί,
Thus I myself, gentlemen/judges,

οὔτ' ἐμαυτοῦ πώποτε οὔτε ἀλλότρια πράγματα πράξας
not for me nor for anyone else have ever engaged in any suit

νῦν ἠνάγκασμαι ὑπὸ τῶν γεγενημένων τούτου κατηγορεῖν,
now I am compelled by these events to accuse this one,

ὥστε πολλάκις εἰς πολλὴν ἀθυμίαν κατέστην,
so frequently into great despair I have been placed,

μὴ διὰ τὴν ἀπειρίαν ἀναξίως καὶ ἀδυνάτως ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ τὴν κατηγορίαν ποιήσομαι.


ὅμως δὲ πειράσομαι ὑμᾶς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὡς ἂν δύνωμαι δι' ἐλαχίστων διδάξαι.
Nevertheless I will attempt to show you from the beginning, as well as I can, and most speedily.

[4] οὑμὸς πατὴρ Κέφαλος ἐπείσθη μὲν ὑπὸ Περικλέους εἰς ταύτην τὴν γῆν ἀφικέσθαι, ἔτη δὲ τριάκοντα ᾤκησε, καὶ οὐδενὶ πώποτε οὔτε ἡμεῖς οὔτε ἐκεῖνος δίκην οὔτε ἐδικασάμεθα οὔτε ἐφύγομεν, ἀλλ' οὕτως ᾠκοῦμεν δημοκρατούμενοι ὥστε μήτε εἰς τοὺς ἄλλους ἐξαμαρτάνειν μήτε ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἀδικεῖσθαι. [5] ἐπειδὴ δ' οἱ τριάκοντα πονηροὶ μὲν καὶ συκοφάνται ὄντες εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν κατέστησαν, φάσκοντες χρῆναι τῶν ἀδίκων καθαρὰν ποιῆσαι τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς πολίτας ἐπ' ἀρετὴν καὶ δικαιοσύνην τραπέσθαι, καὶ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες οὐ τοιαῦτα ποιεῖν ἐτόλμων, ὡς ἐγὼ περὶ τῶν ἐμαυτοῦ πρῶτον εἰπὼν καὶ περὶ τῶν ὑμετέρων ἀναμνῆσαι πειράσομαι.

[6] Θέογνις γὰρ καὶ Πείσων ἔλεγον ἐν τοῖς τριάκοντα περὶ τῶν μετοίκων, ὡς εἶέν τινες τῇ πολιτείᾳ ἀχθόμενοι: καλλίστην οὖν εἶναι πρόφασιν τιμωρεῖσθαι μὲν δοκεῖν, τῷ δ' ἔργω χρηματίζεσθαι: πάντως δὲ τὴν μὲν πόλιν πένεσθαι τὴν δ' ἀρχὴν δεῖσθαι χρημάτων. [7] καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντας οὐ χαλεπῶς ἔπειθον: ἀποκτιννύναι μὲν γὰρ ἀνθρώπους περὶ οὐδενὸς ἡγοῦντο, λαμβάνειν δὲ χρήματα περὶ πολλοῦ ἐποιοῦντο. ἔδοξεν οὖν αὐτοῖς δέκα συλλαβεῖν, τούτων δὲ δύο πένητας, ἵνα αὐτοῖς ᾖ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους ἀπολογία, ὡς οὐ χρημάτων ἕνεκα ταῦτα πέπρακται, ἀλλὰ συμφέροντα τῇ πολιτεία γεγένηται, ὥσπερ τι τῶν ἄλλων εὐλόγως πεποιηκότες. [8] διαλαβόντες δὲ τὰς οἰκίας ἐβάδιζον: καὶ ἐμὲ μὲν ξένους ἑστιῶντα κατέλαβον, οὓς ἐξελάσαντες Πείσωνί με παραδιδόασιν: οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι εἰς τὸ ἐργαστήριον ἐλθόντες τὰ ἀνδράποδα ἀπεγράφοντο.

[9] ἐγὼ δὲ Πείσωνα μὲν ἠρώτων εἰ βούλοιτό με σῶσαι χρήματα λαβών. ὁ δ' ἔφασκεν, εἰ πολλὰ εἴη. εἶπον ὅτι τάλαντον ἀργυρίου ἕτοιμος εἴην δοῦναι: ὁ δ' ὡμολόγησε ταῦτα ποιήσειν. ἠπιστάμην μὲν οὖν ὅτι οὔτε θεοὺς οὔτ' ἀνθρώπους νομίζει, ὅμως δ' ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ἐδόκει μοι ἀναγκαιότατον εἶναι πίστιν παρ' αὐτοῦ λαβεῖν. [10] ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὤμοσεν, ἐξώλειαν ἑαυτῷ καὶ τοῖς παισὶν ἐπαρώμενος, λαβὼν τὸ τάλαντόν με σώσειν, εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸ δωμάτιον τὴν κιβωτὸν ἀνοίγνυμι. Πείσων δ' αἰσθόμενος εἰσέρχεται, καὶ ἰδὼν τὰ ἐνόντα καλεῖ τῶν ὑπηρετῶν δύο, καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ κιβωτῷ λαβεῖν ἐκέλευσεν. [11] ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐχ ὅσον ὡμολόγητο εἶχεν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἀλλὰ τρία τάλαντα ἀργυρίου καὶ τετρακοσίους κυζικηνοὺς καὶ ἑκατὸν δαρεικοὺς καὶ φιάλας ἀργυρᾶς τέτταρας, ἐδεόμην αὐτοῦ ἐφόδιά μοι δοῦναι,

[12] ὁ δ' ἀγαπήσειν με ἔφασκεν, εἰ τὸ σῶμα σώσω. ἐξιοῦσι δ' ἐμοὶ καὶ Πείσωνι ἐπιτυγχάνει Μηλόβιός τε καὶ Μνησιθείδης ἐκ τοῦ ἐργαστηρίου ἀπιόντες, καὶ καταλαμβάνουσι πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς θύραις, καὶ ἐρωτῶσιν ὅποι βαδίζοιμεν: ὁ δ' ἔφασκεν εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τοῦ ἐμοῦ, ἵνα καὶ τὰ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ οἰκίᾳ σκέψηται. ἐκεῖνον μὲν οὖν ἐκέλευον βαδίζειν, ἐμὲ δὲ μεθ' αὑτῶν ἀκολουθεῖν εἰς Δαμνίππου. [13] πείσων δὲ προσελθὼν σιγᾶν μοι παρεκελεύετο καὶ θαρρεῖν, ὡς ἥξων ἐκεῖσε. καταλαμβάνομεν δὲ αὐτόθι Θέογνιν ἑτέρους φυλάττοντα: ᾧ παραδόντες ἐμὲ πάλιν ᾤχοντο. ἐν τοιούτῳ δ' ὄντι μοι κινδυνεύειν ἐδόκει, ὡς τοῦ γε ἀποθανεῖν ὑπάρχοντος ἤδη. [14] καλέσας δὲ Δάμνιππον λέγω πρὸς αὐτὸν τάδε, “ἐπιτήδειος μέν μοι τυγχάνεις ὤν, ἥκω δ' εἰς τὴν σὴν οἰκίαν, ἀδικῶ δ' οὐδέν, χρημάτων δ' ἕνεκα ἀπόλλυμαι. σὺ οὖν ταῦτα πάσχοντί μοι πρόθυμον παράσχου τὴν σεαυτοῦ δύναμιν εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν σωτηρίαν.” ὁ δ' ὑπέσχετο ταῦτα ποιήσειν. ἐδόκει δ' αὐτῷ βέλτιον εἶναι πρὸς Θέογνιν μνησθῆναι: ἡγεῖτο γὰρ ἅπαν ποιήσειν αὐτόν,

[15] εἴ τις ἀργύριον διδοίη. ἐκείνου δὲ διαλεγομένου Θεόγνιδι ̔ἔμπειρος γὰρ ὢν ἐτύγχανον τῆς οἰκίας, καὶ ᾔδη ὅτι ἀμφίθυρος εἴἠ ἐδόκει μοι ταύτῃ πειρᾶσθαι σωθῆναι, ἐνθυμουμένῳ ὅτι, ἐὰν μὲν λάθω, σωθήσομαι, ἐὰν δὲ ληφθῶ, ἡγούμην μέν, εἰ Θέογνις εἴη πεπεισμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ Δαμνίππου χρήματα λαβεῖν, οὐδὲν ἧττον ἀφεθήσεσθαι, εἰ δὲ μή, [16] ὁμοίως ἀποθανεῖσθαι. ταῦτα διανοηθεὶς ἔφευγον, ἐκείνων ἐπὶ τῇ αὐλείῳ θύρᾳ τὴν φυλακὴν ποιουμένων: τριῶν δὲ θυρῶν οὐσῶν, ἃς ἔδει με διελθεῖν, ἅπασαι ἀνεῳγμέναι ἔτυχον. ἀφικόμενος δὲ εἰς Ἀρχένεω τοῦ ναυκλήρου ἐκεῖνον. πέμπω εἰς ἄστυ, πευσόμενον περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ: ἥκων δὲ ἔλεγεν ὅτι Ἐρατοσθένης αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ λαβὼν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἀπαγάγοι. [17] καὶ ἐγὼ τοιαῦτα πεπυσμένος τῆς ἐπιούσης νυκτὸς διέπλευσα Μέγαράδε. Πολεμάρχῳ δὲ παρήγγειλαν οἱ τριάκοντα τοὐπ'7 ἐκείνων εἰθισμένον παράγγελμα, πίνειν κώνειον, πρὶν τὴν αἰτίαν εἰπεῖν δι' ἥντινα ἔμελλεν ἀποθανεῖσθαι: οὕτω πολλοῦ ἐδέησε κριθῆναι καὶ ἀπολογήσασθαι.

[18] καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἀπεδέρετο ἐκ τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου τεθνεώς, τριῶν ἡμῖν οἰκιῶν οὐσῶν ἐξ οὐδεμιᾶς εἴασαν ἐξενεχθῆναι, ἀλλὰ κλεισίον μισθωσάμενοι προὔθεντο αὐτόν. καὶ πολλῶν ὄντων ἱματίων αἰτοῦσιν οὐδὲν ἔδοσαν εἰς τὴν ταφήν, ἀλλὰ τῶν φίλων ὁ μὲν ἱμάτιον, ὁ δὲ προσκεφάλαιον, ὁ δὲ ὅ τι ἕκαστος ἔτυχεν ἔδωκεν εἰς τὴν ἐκείνου ταφήν. [19] καὶ ἔχοντες μὲν ἑπτακοσίας ἀσπίδας τῶν ἡμετέρων, ἔχοντες δὲ ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον τοσοῦτον, χαλκὸν δὲ καὶ κόσμον καὶ ἔπιπλα καὶ ἱμάτια γυναικεῖα ὅσα οὐδεπώποτε ᾤοντο κτήσεσθαι, καὶ ἀνδράποδα εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατόν, ὧν τὰ μὲν βέλτιστα ἔλαβον, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον ἀπέδοσαν, εἰς τοσαύτην ἀπληστίαν καὶ αἰσχροκέρδειαν ἀφίκοντο καὶ τοῦ τρόπου τοῦ αὑτῶν ἀπόδειξιν ἐποιήσαντο: τῆς γὰρ Πολεμάρχου γυναικὸς χρυσοῦς ἑλικτῆρας, οὓς ἔχουσα ἐτύγχανεν, [20] ὅτε τὸ πρῶτον ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Μηλόβιος ἐκ τῶν ὤτων ἐξείλετο. καὶ οὐδὲ κατὰ τὸ ἐλάχιστον μέρος τῆς οὐσίας ἐλέου παρ' αὐτῶν ἐτυγχάνομεν. ἀλλ' οὕτως εἰς ἡμᾶς διὰ τὰ χρήματα ἐξημάρτανον, ὥσπερ ἂν ἕτεροι μεγάλων ἀδικημάτων ὀργὴν ἔχοντες, οὐ τούτων ἀξίους γε ὄντας9 τῇ πόλει, ἀλλὰ πάσας μὲν τὰς χορηγίας χορηγήσαντας, πολλὰς δ' εἰσφορὰς εἰσενεγκόντας, κοσμίους δ' ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς παρέχοντας καὶ πᾶν τὸ προσταττόμενον ποιοῦντας, ἐχθρὸν δ' οὐδένα κεκτημένους, πολλοὺς δ' Ἀθηναίων ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων λυσαμένους: τοιούτων ἠξίωσαν οὐχ ὁμοίως μετοικοῦντας ὥσπερ αὐτοὶ ἐπολιτεύοντο.

[21] οὗτοι γὰρ πολλοὺς μὲν τῶν πολιτῶν εἰς τοὺς πολεμίους ἐξήλασαν, πολλοὺς δ' ἀδίκως ἀποκτείναντες ἀτάφους ἐποίησαν, πολλοὺς δ' ἐπιτίμους ὄντας ἀτίμους [τῆς πόλεως] κατέστησαν, πολλῶν δὲ θυγατέρας μελλούσας ἐκδίδοσθαι ἐκώλυσαν. [22] καὶ εἰς τοσοῦτόν εἰσι τόλμης ἀφιγμένοι ὥσθ' ἥκουσιν ἀπολογησόμενοι, καὶ λέγουσιν ὡς οὐδὲν κακὸν οὐδ' αἰσχρὸν εἰργασμένοι εἰσίν. ἐγὼ δ' ἐβουλόμην ἂν αὐτοὺς ἀληθῆ λέγειν: μετῆν γὰρ ἂν καὶ ἐμοὶ τούτου τἀγαθοῦ οὐκ ἐλάχιστον μέρος.

[23] νῦν δὲ οὔτε πρὸς τὴν πόλιν αὐτοῖς τοιαῦτα ὑπάρχει οὔτε πρὸς ἐμέ:

τὸν ἀδελφὸν γὰρ μου, ὥσπερ καὶ πρότερον εἶπον, Ἐρατοσθένης ἀπέκτεινεν,
- οὔτε αὐτὸς ἰδίᾳ ἀδικούμενος
- οὔτε εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὁρῶν ἐξαμαρτάνοντα,
- ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ παρανομία προθύμως ἐξυπηρετῶν.

[24] ἀναβιβασάμενος δ' αὐτὸν βούλομαι ἐρέσθαι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί.
τοιαύτην γὰρ γνώμην ἔχω:
ἐπὶ μὲν τῇ τούτου ὠφελείᾳ καὶ πρὸς ἕτερον περὶ τούτου διαλέγεσθαι ἀσεβὲς εἶναι νομίζω,
ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ τούτου βλάβῃ καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν τοῦτον ὅσιον καὶ εὐσεβές.
ἀνάβηθι οὖν μοι καὶ ἀπόκριναι, ὅ τι ἄν σε ἐρωτῶ.

[25] ἀπήγαγες Πολέμαρχον ἢ οὔ; “τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχόντων προσταχθέντα δεδιὼς ἐποίουν.”

ἦσθα δ' ἐν τῷ βουλευτηρίῳ, ὅτε οἱ λόγοι ἐγίγνοντο περὶ ἡμῶν; “ἦ.”

πότερον συνηγόρευες τοῖς κελεύουσιν ἀποκτεῖναι ἢ ἀντέλεγες; “ἀντέλεγον.”

ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωμεν; “ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνητε.”

ἡγούμενος ἡμᾶς ἄδικα πάσχειν ἢ δίκαια; “ἄδικα.”

[26] εἶτ', ὦ σχετλιώτατε πάντων,
So really, O cruelest of all men,

ἀντέλεγες μὲν ἵνα σώσειας,
συνελάμβανες δὲ ἵνα ἀποκτείνῃς;


καὶ ὅτε μὲν τὸ πλῆθος ἦν ὑμῶν κύριον τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ἡμετέρας, ἀντιλέγειν φῂς τοῖς βουλομένοις ἡμᾶς ἀπολέσαι,
ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐπὶ σοὶ μόνῳ ἐγένετο καὶ σῶσαι Πολέμαρχον καὶ μή, εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἀπήγαγες;

εἶθ' ὅ μέν, ὡς φῄς, ἀντειπὼν οὐδὲν ὠφέλησας, ἀξιοῖς χρηστὸς νομίζεσθαι,
ὅτι δὲ συλλαβὼν ἀπέκτεινας, οὐκ οἴει ἐμοὶ καὶ τουτοισὶ δοῦναι δίκην;

[27] καὶ μὴν οὐδὲ τοῦτο εἰκὸς αὐτῷ πιστεύειν, εἴπερ ἀληθῆ λέγει φάσκων ἀντειπεῖν, ὡς αὐτῷ προσετάχθη.
And indeed not likely this [-->] to believe of him, even if he spoke truth when claiming to have spoken in opposition, that it was assigned to him (i.e. the job of killing Polemarchus).

οὐ γὰρ δήπου ἐν τοῖς μετοίκοις πίστιν παρ' αὐτοῦ ἐλάμβανον.
But I don't suppose that in [the case of mere] metics, they [The Thirty] would have been getting his assurances (making a test case of his loyalty).

ἔπειτα τῷ ἧττον εἰκὸς ἦν προσταχθῆναι ἢ ὅστις ἀντειπών γε ἐτύγχανε καὶ γνώμην ἀποδεδειγμένος;
Besides, who was less likely to be assigned than someone who had spoken against (the murder of the metics) and had made known his opinion?

τίνα γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν ἧττον ταῦτα ὑπηρετῆσαι ἢ τὸν ἀντειπόντα οἷς ἐκεῖνοι ἐβούλοντο πραχθῆναι;
For who was less likely to comply with this than the one speaking against what they want done?

[28] ἔτι δὲ τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις Ἀθηναίοις ἱκανή μοι δοκεῖ πρόφασις εἶναι τῶν γεγενημένων εἰς τοὺς τριάκοντα ἀναφέρειν τὴν αἰτίαν:
And another point, for the rest of the Athenians, sufficient seems to me the ground for excuse, of the happenings onto the Thirty to attribute the blame:

αὐτοὺς δὲ τοὺς τριάκοντα, ἐὰν εἰς σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἀναφέρωσι, πῶς ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἀποδέχεσθαι;
but the same Thirty, if they attribute it to themselves, how can you reasonably accept that?

[29] εἰ μὲν γάρ τις ἦν ἐν τῇ πόλει ἀρχὴ ἰσχυροτέρα [αὐτῆς],
For if there was some authority in the city stronger than them,

ὑφ' ἧς αὐτῷ προσετάττετο παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον ἀνθρώπους ἀπολλύναι,
by which, to them was assigned (against justice) to kill men,

ἴσως ἂν εἰκότως αὐτῷ συγγνώμην εἴχετε:
you might possibly have a some excuse for this:

νῦν δὲ παρὰ τοῦ ποτε καὶ λήψεσθε δίκην,
but as it is from whom will you ever take justice (punish),

εἴπερ ἐξέσται τοῖς τριάκοντα λέγειν ὅτι τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν τριάκοντα προσταχθέντα ἐποίουν;
if it is possible for these [men] the Thirty [themselves] to say that the Thirty ordered them to do things?

[30] καὶ μὲν δὴ οὐκ ἐν τῇ οἰκία ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ,
But encountering him, not in his house, but in the road,

σῴζειν τε αὐτὸν καὶ τὰ τούτοις ἐψηφισμένα παρόν,
it being possible to preserve both him and their resolution (i.e. by letting him go quietly)

συλλαβὼν ἀπήγαγεν.
arresting him, he led him away.

ὑμεῖς δὲ πᾶσιν ὀργίζεσθε,
and/but you are angry at all,

ὅσοι εἰς τὰς οἰκίας ἦλθον τὰς ὑμετέρας ζήτησιν ποιούμενοι ἢ ὑμῶν ἢ τῶν ὑμετέρων τινός.
who came into your houses seeking either you or someone of your household.

[31] καίτοι εἰ χρὴ τοῖς διὰ τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν ἑτέρους ἀπολέσασι συγγνώμην ἔχειν,
And indeed if they needed, for their own salvation, to destroy others, that would be an excuse,

ἐκείνοις ἂν δικαιότερον ἔχοιτε:
you might more justly [pardon] those:

κίνδυνος γὰρ ἦν πεμφθεῖσι μὴ ἐλθεῖν καὶ καταλαβοῦσιν ἐξάρνοις γενέσθαι.
for there was danger for those sent, not to go and arrest, by denying to have found [the victims].

τῷ δὲ Ἐρατοσθένει ἐξῆν εἰπεῖν ὅτι οὐκ ἀπήντησεν,
But it was possible for E. to say that he had not encountered [P.],

ἔπειτα ὅτι οὐκ εἶδεν:
since he was not seen:

ταῦτα γὰρ οὔτ' ἔλεγχον οὔτε βάσανον εἶχεν,
for he was not examined nor questioned about this,

ὥστε μηδ' ὑπὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν βουλομένων οἷόν τ' εἶναι ἐξελεγχθῆναι.
thus (if he wishing [to do this]) it was not possible for him to be convicted by the enemies.

[32] χρῆν δέ σε, ὦ Ἐρατόσθενες, εἴπερ ἦσθα χρηστός,
You ought to have, O E., if you thought (yourself) to be a good citizen,

πολὺ μᾶλλον τοῖς μέλλουσιν ἀδίκως ἀποθανεῖσθαι
much rather against those intended to be unjustly killed

μηνυτὴν γενέσθαι
become an informer,

ἢ τοὺς ἀδίκως ἀπολουμένους συλλαμβάνειν.
than to arrest those to be unjustly destroyed.

νῦν δέ σου τὰ ἔργα φανερὰ γεγένηται οὐχ ὡς ἀνιωμένου ἀλλ' ὡς ἡδομένου τοῖς γιγνομένοις,
But now these deeds make it evident that you, were not grieved, but were gratified by those events,

[33] ὥστε τούσδε ἐκ τῶν ἔργων χρὴ μᾶλλον ἢ ἐκ τῶν λόγων τὴν ψῆφον φέρειν,
so that these present must, from your deeds rather than from your words, cast their vote,

ἃ ἴσασι γεγενημένα τῶν τότε λεγομένων τεκμήρια λαμβάνοντας,
which I know ... rather than your words at the time (mtgs of the Thirty) [gen of comparison] taking as evidence,

ἐπειδὴ μάρτυρας περὶ αὐτῶν οὐχ οἷόν τε παρασχέσθαι.
since witnesses of these [events] not possible to furnish.

οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἡμῖν παρεῖναι οὐκ ἐξῆν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ παρ' αὑτοῖς εἶναι,
For not only was it not possible for us to be present (at their mtgs), but not by ourselves (in our own homes) to be,

ὥστ' ἐπὶ τούτοις / ἐστὶ πάντα τὰ κακὰ εἰργασμένοις τὴν πόλιν / πάντα τἀγαθὰ περὶ αὑτῶν λέγειν.
so that about these /all the evil of these deeds were to the city / everything good about them to say.

[34] τοῦτο μέντοι οὐ φεύγω, ἀλλ' ὁμολογῶ σοι, εἰ βούλει, ἀντειπεῖν.
This however, I don't contest (evade), but I admit/concede/agree with you, if you like, (that you) spoke in opposition.

θαυμάζω δὲ τί ἄν ποτ' ἐποίησας συνειπών,
But I wonder what might you have done, if you had agreed,

ὁπότε ἀντειπεῖν φάσκων ἀπέκτεινας Πολέμαρχον.
in that you claim to have spoken against the killing of P.

φέρε δή, τί ἄν, εἰ καὶ ἀδελφοὶ ὄντες ἐτύχετε αὐτοῦ ἢ καὶ ὑεῖς;
Come now, what might (you do), even if brothers or sons of this man you were?

ἀπεψηφίσασθε;
Would you vote to acquit?

δεῖ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, Ἐρατοσθένην δυοῖν θάτερον ἀποδεῖξαι,
For it must be, O gentlemen judges, for E. to show one of two things,

ἢ ὡς οὐκ ἀπήγαγεν αὐτόν, ἢ ὡς δικαίως τοῦτ' ἔπραξεν.
either that he did not lead him away, or that he did so justly.

οὗτος δὲ ὡμολόγηκεν ἀδίκως συλλαβεῖν,
But he agreed that the arrest was unjust,

ὥστε ῥᾳδίαν ὑμῖν τὴν διαψήφισιν περὶ αὑτοῦ πεποίηκε.
so that he has made easy for you the decision about him.

[35] καὶ μὲν δὴ πολλοὶ καὶ τῶν ἀστῶν καὶ τῶν ξένων ἥκουσιν εἰσόμενοι τίνα γνώμην περὶ τούτων ἕξετε.
And note that many, both from the city and aliens, have come to know what verdict about these (matters) you will have.

ὧν οἱ μὲν ὑμέτεροι ὄντες πολῖται μαθόντες ἀπίασιν ὅτι ἢ δίκην δώσουσιν ὧν ἂν ἐξαμάρτωσιν,
which (verdict) those of yours being citizens will return knowing what justice is given should they commit crimes,

ἢ πράξαντες μὲν ὧν ἐφίενται τύραννοι τῆς πόλεως ἔσονται,
OT1H, if accomplishing what ... tyrants of the city will be,

δυστυχήσαντες δὲ τὸ ἴσον ὑμῖν ἕξουσιν:
OTOH, being disappointed, will be on equality with you:

ὅσοι δὲ ξένοι ἐπιδημοῦσιν,


εἴσονται πότερον ἀδίκως τοὺς τριάκοντα ἐκκηρύττουσιν ἐκ τῶν πόλεων ἢ δικαίως.

εἰ γὰρ δὴ αὐτοὶ οἱ κακῶς πεπονθότες λαβόντες ἀφήσουσιν, ἦ που σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἡγήσονται περιέργους ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν τηρουμένους.

[36] οὐκ οὖν δεινὸν εἰ τοὺς μὲν στρατηγούς, οἳ ἐνίκων ναυμαχοῦντες, ὅτε διὰ χειμῶνα οὐχ οἷοί τ' ἔφασαν εἶναι τοὺς ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης ἀνελέσθαι, θανάτῳ ἐζημιώσατε, ἡγούμενοι χρῆναι τῇ τῶν τεθνεώτων ἀρετῇ παρ' ἐκείνων δίκην λαβεῖν, τούτους δέ, οἳ ἰδιῶται μὲν ὄντες καθ' ὅσον ἐδύναντο ἐποίησαν ἡττηθῆναι ναυμαχοῦντας, ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν κατέστησαν, ὁμολογοῦσιν ἑκόντες πολλοὺς τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκρίτους ἀποκτιννύναι, οὐκ ἄρα χρὴ αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ὑφ' ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ζημίαις κολάζεσθαι;

[37] ἐγὼ τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἠξίουν ἱκανὰ εἶναι τὰ κατηγορημένα: μέχρι γὰρ τούτου νομίζω χρῆναι κατηγορεῖν, ἕως ἂν θανάτου δόξῃ τῷ φεύγοντι ἄξια εἰργάσθαι. ταύτην γὰρ ἐσχάτην δίκην δυνάμεθα παρ' αὐτῶν λαβεῖν. ὥστ' οὐκ οἶδ' ὅ τι δεῖ πολλὰ κατηγορεῖν τοιούτων ἀνδρῶν, οἳ οὐδ' ὑπὲρ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου τῶν πεπραγμένων δὶς ἀποθανόντες δίκην δοῦναι δύναιντ' ἂν <ἀξίαν>22 . οὐ γὰρ δὴ οὐδὲ τοῦτο αὐτῷ προσήκει ποιῆσαι, [38] ὅπερ ἐν τῇδε τῇ πόλει εἰθισμένον ἐστί, πρὸς μὲν τὰ κατηγορημένα μηδὲν ἀπολογεῖσθαι, περὶ δὲ σφῶν αὐτῶν ἕτερα λέγοντες ἐνίοτε ἐξαπατῶσιν, ὑμῖν ἀποδεικνύντες ὡς στρατιῶται ἀγαθοί εἰσιν, ἢ ὡς πολλὰς τῶν πολεμίων ναῦς ἔλαβον τριηραρχήσαντες, ἢ πόλεις πολεμίας οὔσας φίλας

[39] ἐποίησαν: ἐπεὶ κελεύετε αὐτὸν ἀποδεῖξαι ὅπου τοσούτους τῶν πολεμίων ἀπέκτειναν ὅσους τῶν πολιτῶν, ἢ ναῦς ὅπου τοσαύτας ἕσας αὐτοὶ παρέδοσαν, ἢ πόλιν ἥντινα τοιαύτην προσεκτήσαντο οἵαν τὴν ὑμετέραν κατεδουλώσαντο.

[40] ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὅπλα τῶν πολεμίων τοσαῦτα ἐσκύλευσαν ὅσα περ ὑμῶν ἀφείλοντο, ἀλλὰ τείχη τοιαῦτα εἷλον οἷα τῆς ἑαυτῶν πατρίδος κατέσκαψαν; οἵτινες καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν Ἀττικὴν φρούρια καθεῖλον, καὶ ὑμῖν ἐδήλωσαν ὅτι οὐδὲ τὸν Πειραιᾶ Λακεδαιμονίων προσταττόντων περιεῖλον, ἀλλ' ὅτι ἑαυτοῖς25 τὴν ἀρχὴν οὕτω βεβαιοτέραν ἐνόμιζον εἶναι.

[41] πολλάκις οὖν ἐθαύμασα τῆς τόλμης τῶν λεγόντων ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ, πλὴν ὅταν ἐνθυμηθῶ ὅτι τῶν αὐτῶν ἐστιν αὐτούς τε πάντα τὰ κακὰ ἐργάζεσθαι καὶ τοὺς τοιούτους ἐπαινεῖν.

[42] οὐ γὰρ νῦν πρῶτον τῷ ὑμετέρῳ πλήθει τὰ ἐναντία ἔπραξεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τετρακοσίων ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ ὀλιγαρχίαν καθιστὰς ἔφευγεν ἐξ Ἑλλησπόντου τριήραρχος καταλιπὼν τὴν ναῦν, μετὰ Ἰατροκλέους καὶ ἑτέρων, ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα οὐδὲν δέομαι λέγειν. ἀφικόμενος δὲ δεῦρο τἀναντία τοῖς βουλομένοις δημοκρατίαν εἶναι ἔπραττε. καὶ τούτων μάρτυρας ὑμῖν παρέξομαι. Μάρτυρες

[43] τὸν μὲν τοίνυν μεταξὺ βίον αὐτοῦ παρήσω: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡ ναυμαχία καὶ ἡ συμφορὰ τῇ πόλει ἐγένετο, δημοκρατίας ἔτι οὔσης, ὅθεν τῆς στάσεως ἦρξαν, πέντε ἄνδρες ἔφοροι κατέστησαν ὑπὸ τῶν καλουμένων ἑταίρων, συναγωγεῖς μὲν τῶν πολιτῶν ἄρχοντες δὲ τῶν συνωμοτῶν, ἐναντία δὲ τῷ ὑμετέρῳ πλήθει πράττοντες: ὧν Ἐρατοσθένης καὶ Κριτίας ἦσαν. [44] οὗτοι δὲ φυλάρχους τε ἐπὶ τὰς φυλὰς κατέστησαν, καὶ ὅ τι δέοι χειροτονεῖσθαι καὶ οὕστινας χρείη ἄρχειν παρήγγελλον, καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο πράττειν βούλοιντο, κύριοι ἦσαν: οὕτως οὐχ ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ τούτων πολιτῶν ὄντων ἐπεβουλεύεσθε ὅπως μήτ' ἀγαθὸν μηδὲν ψηφιεῖσθε πολλῶν τε ἐνδεεῖς ἔσεσθε.

[45] τοῦτο γὰρ καλῶς ἠπίσταντο, ὅτι ἄλλως μὲν οὐχ οἷοί τε ἔσονται περιγενέσθαι, κακῶς δὲ πραττόντων δυνήσονται: καὶ ὑμᾶς ἡγοῦντο τῶν παρόντων κακῶν ἐπιθυμοῦντας ἀπαλλαγῆναι περὶ τῶν μελλόντων οὐκ ἐνθυμήσεσθαι.

[46] ὡς τοίνυν τῶν ἐφόρων ἐγένετο, μάρτυρας ὑμῖν παρέξομαι, οὐ τοὺς τότε συμπράττοντας ̔οὐ γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην̓, ἀλλὰ τοὺς αὐτοῦ Ἐρατοσθένους ἀκούσαντας.

[47] καίτοι εἰ ἐσωφρόνουν κατεμαρτύρουν ἂν αὐτῶν, καὶ τοὺς διδασκάλους τῶν σφετέρων ἁμαρτημάτων σφόδρ' ἂν ἐκόλαζον, καὶ τοὺς ὅρκους, εἰ ἐσωφρόνουν, οὐκ ἂν ἐπὶ μὲν τοῖς τῶν πολιτῶν κακοῖς πιστοὺς ἐνόμιζον, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς τῆς πόλεως ἀγαθοῖς ῥᾳδίως παρέβαινον: πρὸς μὲν οὖν τούτους τοσαῦτα λέγω, τοὺς δὲ μάρτυράς μοι κάλει. καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀνάβητε. Μάρτυρες

[48] τῶν μὲν μαρτύρων ἀκηκόατε. τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν καταστὰς ἀγαθοῦ μὲν οὐδενὸς μετέσχεν, ἄλλων δὲ πολλῶν. καίτοι εἴπερ ἦν ἀνὴρ ἀγαθός, ἐχρῆν αὐτὸν πρῶτον μὲν μὴ παρανόμως ἄρχειν, ἔπειτα τῇ βουλῇ μηνυτὴν γίγνεσθαι περὶ τῶν εἰσαγγελιῶν ἁπασῶν, ὅτι ψευδεῖς εἶεν, καὶ Βάτραχος καὶ Αἰσχυλίδης οὐ τἀληθῆ μηνύουσιν, ἀλλὰ τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν τριάκοντα πλασθέντα εἰσαγγέλλουσι, συγκείμενα ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν πολιτῶν βλάβῃ.

[49] καὶ μὲν δή, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅσοι κακόνοι ἦσαν τῷ ὑμετέρῳ πλήθει, οὐδὲν ἔλαττον εἶχον σιωπῶντες: ἕτεροι γὰρ ἦσαν οἱ λέγοντες καὶ πράττοντες ὧν οὐχ οἷόν τ' ἦν μείζω κακὰ γενέσθαι τῇ πόλει. ὁπόσοι δ' εὖνοί φασιν εἶναι, πῶς οὐκ ἐνταῦθα ἔδειξαν, αὐτοί τε τὰ βέλτιστα λέγοντες καὶ τοὺς ἐξαμαρτάνοντας ἀποτρέποντες;

[50] ἴσως δ' ἂν ἔχοι εἰπεῖν ὅτι ἐδεδοίκει, καὶ ὑμῶν τοῦτο ἐνίοις ἱκανὸν ἔσται. ὅπως τοίνυν μὴ φανήσεται ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τοῖς τριάκοντα ἐναντιούμενος: εἰ δὲ μή, ἐνταυθοῖ δῆλος ἔσται ὅτι ἐκεῖνά τε αὐτῷ ἤρεσκε, καὶ τοσοῦτον ἐδύνατο ὥστε ἐναντιούμενος μηδὲν κακὸν παθεῖν ὑπ' αὐτῶν. χρῆν δ' αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμετέρας σωτηρίας ταύτην τὴν προθυμίαν ἔχειν, ἀλλὰ μὴ ὑπὲρ Θηραμένους, ὃς εἰς ὑμᾶς πολλὰ ἐξήμαρτεν.